Laryngeal Cancer: A Common Head and Neck Malignancy Linked to Smoking and Alcohol

[mediK / HEALTH IN NEWS] Laryngeal cancer, a malignant tumor affecting the larynx where the vocal cords are located, ranks among the most prevalent forms of head and neck cancer. According to data from South Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, approximately 8,900 patients sought treatment for laryngeal cancer in 2022, with over 90% being male.

Dr. Young-chang Lim, a professor of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at Konkuk University Hospital, emphasized the strong correlation between laryngeal cancer and lifestyle factors. “The vast majority of laryngeal cancer patients have a history of smoking or alcohol consumption,” Dr. Lim said. “When these two factors combine, the risk of developing the disease increases significantly.”

Smoking irritates the vocal cord mucosa and promotes cellular mutations, while alcohol increases mucosal permeability, enhancing the absorption of carcinogens. Excessive vocal strain—such as prolonged loud speaking—can cause chronic irritation of the larynx, further increasing cancer risk.

Persistent Hoarseness: A Red Flag for Early Detection

Early symptoms of laryngeal cancer often resemble common conditions like colds or laryngitis, leading to delayed recognition. Common signs include hoarseness, a sensation of a lump in the throat, dry cough, and difficulty swallowing. Dr. Lim stressed that hoarseness lasting more than two weeks or worsening over time warrants immediate medical evaluation.

“Unlike vocal cord nodules or polyps, laryngeal cancer may require surgery or radiation therapy even in its early stages,” Dr. Lim noted. “Early detection is critical, and patients must not let their guard down.”

People in vocally demanding professions—such as teachers, broadcasters, and sales representatives—face higher risk and should monitor even minor symptoms closely.



Prevention Starts with Lifestyle Changes

Preventing laryngeal cancer hinges on eliminating key risk factors: smoking and alcohol consumption. Frequent hydration helps maintain moisture in the laryngeal mucosa, while limiting shouting or prolonged speaking reduces strain on the vocal cords. Limiting spicy or excessively hot foods can help prevent additional irritation to the larynx.

“The larynx is highly sensitive to repeated strain,” Dr. Lim explained. “Being mindful of daily voice use can significantly improve laryngeal health.”

Regular endoscopic examinations are a proven tool for early diagnosis, particularly for individuals with a history of smoking or drinking, or those in high-risk occupations. Routine screenings can detect laryngeal cancer at a stage when it is more treatable.



Post-Treatment Voice Rehabilitation: A Critical Step

Although treatment success rates for laryngeal cancer are relatively high, surgery or radiation therapy often results in lasting changes to voice quality. Vocal cord damage often results in speech impairments, requiring specialized care.

In such cases, structured speech and voice therapy are essential. “Voice rehabilitation is not only about functional recovery but also about restoring a patient’s quality of life,” Dr. Lim said. “Comprehensive treatment combined with proactive rehabilitation is crucial.”

As laryngeal cancer continues to affect thousands, experts urge greater awareness of its risk factors and the importance of early intervention. For high-risk groups, adopting healthier habits and committing to regular checkups can make all the difference.

Lim Hye Jung, medi·K TEAM press@themedik.kr

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