Depression in Older Adults: Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Timely Treatment

[medi K / HEALTH IN NEWS] A man in his 70s began noticing a persistent lack of energy, memory decline, and a loss of interest in daily activities. Initially suspecting dementia, he underwent extensive medical evaluations, which instead led to a diagnosis of depression. With prompt treatment, including medication, his symptoms improved significantly, allowing him to resume normal daily functioning.

The diagnostic criteria for depression in older adults are largely consistent with those for younger populations. Depression is characterized by a pervasive loss of interest, feelings of helplessness, diminished concentration, and persistent sadness. A diagnosis is typically made when these symptoms, accompanied by physiological changes such as insomnia or excessive sleep, persist for at least two weeks.

However, depression in older adults often presents distinct features. Symptoms such as loss of interest, excessive guilt, and agitation—often described as melancholic depression—are more pronounced. Fatigue, health-related anxieties, and sleep disturbances are also common. Notably, older adults with depression frequently experience significant concentration and memory difficulties, which can mimic dementia, a condition known as pseudodementia.

These symptoms are sometimes mistaken for natural signs of aging, leading to delayed treatment. Yet, untreated depression can exacerbate feelings of lethargy and disinterest, negatively impacting overall health management. A lack of physical activity can worsen existing chronic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol, creating a vicious cycle of deteriorating health.



“Older adults experiencing a range of depressive symptoms and impaired functioning should seek early treatment to break this cycle of worsening health,” said Dr. Cheolmin Shin, a professor of psychiatry at Korea University Ansan Hospital.

Treatment for depression often involves antidepressants, which have proven effective. Today, older adults are increasingly open to seeking treatment for mental health conditions, including depression. Medications are typically started at low doses and gradually increased. Dr. Shin addressed a common concern, noting, “Some patients worry that psychiatric medications may cause dementia, but there is insufficient evidence to support claims that antidepressants increase dementia risk.”



Preventing depression in older adults requires effort from both the individual and their family. The condition is closely linked to reduced physical activity, limited social engagement, loneliness, cerebrovascular diseases, and chronic illnesses. Lifestyle changes, such as participating in social gatherings, hobbies, or religious activities, are critical for prevention. Additionally, quitting smoking, moderating alcohol consumption, and proactively managing conditions like hypertension and diabetes can help reduce the risk of cerebrovascular issues. Family members play a vital role by encouraging these activities and providing emotional support.

Lim Hye Jung / press@themedik.kr

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