Leg Numbness May Be a Warning From Compressed Nerves, Not Just Fatigue

[medi K / HEALTH IN NEWS] Leg numbness is not always a sign of simple fatigue—it can be a red flag from irritated nerves. In particular, a herniated lumbar disk occurs when the disk protrudes and presses on nearby nerves, causing not only low back pain but also numbness in the legs, reduced sensation, and muscle weakness. Symptoms often begin subtly, with a stiff or pulling sensation in the lower back, but if they persist for more than two weeks or extend to the legs, a disk disorder should be suspected.

A herniated lumbar disk results from displacement of the intervertebral disk between spinal bones, irritating nerves. It most commonly affects the L4-L5 and L5-S1 segments—the lower lumbar regions where nerves branch toward the legs. This explains the radiating pain from the back into the lower extremities, known as lumbar radiculopathy. This hallmark symptom worsens with prolonged sitting, coughing, or bending forward. Over time, sensation in the legs may dull, muscle strength may decline, and patients may notice their ankles giving way or a heavy dragging feeling when walking.

Disk-related pain can mimic other conditions, such as lumbar spinal stenosis or sciatica, making self-diagnosis unreliable. Spinal stenosis involves narrowing of the canal through which nerves pass, while sciatica results from direct compression or inflammation of the sciatic nerve, producing radiating pain from the buttocks down the leg. Persistent or recurrent symptoms, especially with sensory loss, warrant imaging: MRI or CT to pinpoint nerve compression.



Most herniated disks respond to early conservative treatment. Initial management focuses on anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and injections to reduce pain and swelling. When needed, procedures such as nerve root blocks or epidural adhesiolysis may be added. A nerve root block delivers medication directly to the inflamed area to ease irritation; adhesiolysis mechanically releases scar tissue around the nerve to eliminate the pain source. These minimally invasive options offer quick recovery and low complication rates, making them suitable for working professionals and active individuals.

Prevention hinges on spine-friendly habits. When sitting for long periods, keep the back straight and pelvis neutral. Lift heavy objects by bending the knees and using leg muscles, not the back. Regular core and paraspinal strengthening exercises distribute load away from the disks.

The greater danger of a herniated disk is nerve damage, not pain alone. Any back pain accompanied by leg numbness or sensory changes demands prompt evaluation. Early intervention often achieves full recovery without surgery.

If leg numbness has begun, nerves may already be under duress. Waiting for back pain to resolve on its own is risky—timely diagnosis and treatment remain the wisest course.

Lim Hye Jung / press@themedik.kr

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