Rotator Cuff Tears: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

[medi K / HEALTH IN NEWS] The rotator cuff, a critical group of four tendons that stabilize and move the shoulder, is essential for arm function. When these tendons become damaged or torn, the consequences can be significant: restricted shoulder movement, persistent throbbing pain, and discomfort that worsens with specific motions, such as lifting the arm or rotating it at certain angles. Pain often intensifies at night, disrupting sleep, especially when lying on the affected side. These symptoms distinguish rotator cuff tears from common shoulder stiffness or adhesive capsulitis (often referred to as “frozen shoulder”), underscoring the importance of early and accurate diagnosis.

Temporary relief followed by recurring pain is not a sign of natural healing but may indicate worsening damage. Left untreated, a tear can enlarge, leading to significant loss of shoulder function and substantial disruptions to daily life. Early intervention and proactive management are crucial to preventing pain escalation and long-term disability.

What Causes Rotator Cuff Tears?

Rotator cuff tears stem from three primary causes: aging, repetitive use, and trauma. As people age, tendons lose elasticity and strength, making them more susceptible to injury from minor impacts. This degenerative process explains why rotator cuff tears are common among middle-aged and older adults. Athletes and workers whose jobs involve repetitive arm motions—such as painters, carpenters, or assembly line workers—face heightened risk due to cumulative stress on the tendons. Poor posture and improper movement habits can further exacerbate tendon damage.

Sudden trauma, such as a fall or lifting a heavy object, can also tear the rotator cuff. Additionally, a condition known as shoulder impingement syndrome, where the shoulder blade repeatedly irritates the tendons, can progress to a tear if left unaddressed. Understanding these varied causes is vital for both prevention and effective treatment.



How Are Rotator Cuff Tears Treated?

Treatment for rotator cuff tears varies depending on the severity of the tear and the patient’s overall condition. For early-stage or minor tears, nonsurgical approaches are typically the first step. Medications and injections help reduce pain and inflammation, while physical therapy and targeted rehabilitation exercises focus on strengthening the shoulder muscles and restoring joint mobility. Consistent exercise and lifestyle modifications, guided by healthcare professionals, can enhance recovery outcomes. Learning proper posture and stretching techniques is a critical part of this process.

For severe tears or cases where the tear significantly impairs daily activities, surgical intervention may be necessary. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, a minimally invasive procedure, sutures the torn tendon to promote healing. Post-surgery, a recovery period of about three months is needed to stabilize the tendon, followed by six months of structured rehabilitation to maximize shoulder function.

Dr. Min-Sik Park, director of Seheung Hospital, emphasizes the importance of proactive care: “Your shoulder is a lifelong partner, essential for a healthy, active life. Don’t dismiss shoulder pain as a mere sign of aging. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical.” He adds, “Rotator cuff tears often cause intense nighttime pain, which can lead to sleep disturbances and diminished quality of life. Seeking medical advice promptly is essential to manage this condition effectively.”

Lim Hye Jung / press@themedik.kr

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